Opioid use disorder (OUD) rarely presents as a unitary psychiatric condition, and the comorbid symptoms likely depend upon the diverse risk factors and mechanisms by which OUD can arise.These factors are heterogeneous and include genetic predisposition, exposure to prescription opioids, and environmental risks.Crucially, one key environmental risk
Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and Association of Coloproctologists of Russia
Aim.Current clinical recommendations accentuate current methods for the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Key points.IBS is a functional bowel disorder manifested with recurrent, at least weekly, abdominal pain with the following attributes (any two leastwise): link to defecation, its frequency or stool shape.The symptoms ar
Retinal Thickening and Photoreceptor Loss in HIV Eyes without Retinitis.
PURPOSE:To determine the presence of structural changes in HIV retinae (i.e., photoreceptor density and retinal thickness in the macula) compared with age-matched HIV-negative controls.METHODS:Cohort of patients with known HIV under CART (combination Antiretroviral Therapy) treatment were examined with a flood-illuminated retinal AO camera to asses
Effects of screw end face structural parameters on polylactic acid flow field in meshing counter rotating twin screw extruder
Objective: To investigate the effect of the screw configuration on the polylactic acid flow field on the structural parameters of the screw on the end face of the screw in the meshing Undercounter Ice Makers counter rotating twin screw extruder.Methods: The theoretical model of the heterodirectional double-ended threaded element was established by